The Digestive System

FOCUS QUESTION:      What are some of the systems in my body and how do they work?

Content Summary

A system is a set of organs linked together and working together to carry out a set of related functions. The digestive system includes major organs like the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. The digestive system helps to break down food into a form that the body can find useful. Digestion is the process of breaking down food into nutrients. The digestive system is made up of a long tube called the alimentary canal, which starts at the mouth and ends at the anus. This tube is long enough to give the food sufficient time to be broken down, digested and absorbed into the blood stream.

Digestion starts when food is placed into our mouth. The teeth cut and grind the food. When it is chewed it's mixed with saliva which contains an enzyme which changes starch into simple sugar. After chewing , the food passes into the oesophagus or gullet into the stomach.

After that it moves to the small intestine. The nutrients are then absorbed through the walls of the small intestine. Undigested food passes into the large intestine in a semi -solid state then egested through the anus.







This video clip will explain how the digestive system works.

Take a look at video clip number two.

EXTEND/ELABORATE

Open this link to glean more information on the digestive system.

EVALUATION:

Answer the questions  below.
      1. Name the organs of the digestive system

                2.  Where does digestion begin?

                3. What is the function of the tongue in the digestive system?

       

          4.   The list below contains the names of organs associated with the digestive system.

A.      Small intestine                  D. oesophagus B.      Stomach                              E. mouth C.      Large intestine                  F. anus

       Shade the letter that corresponds to the word found in the list above so that the resulting sentence is correct. Use all the options. Some options may be used more than once.
   
       Food enters our body through our   (A)¡   (B) ¡   (C) ¡   (D)¡   (E)¡   (F)¡ .  From there the food travels to the   (A)¡   (B) ¡   (C) ¡   (D)¡   (E)¡   (F)¡    through a narrow tube called the     (A)¡   (B) ¡   (C) ¡   (D)¡   (E)¡   (F)¡ .    This will then leave the    (A)¡   (B) ¡   (C) ¡   (D)¡   (E)¡   (F)¡    and enter the (A)¡   (B) ¡   (C) ¡   (D)¡   (E)¡   (F)¡.    The food like matter will move from the   (A)¡   (B) ¡   (C) ¡   (D)¡   (E)¡   (F)¡     and enter the      (A)¡   (B) ¡   (C) ¡   (D)¡   (E)¡   (F)¡  .   The waste material will then leave the body through the    (A)¡   (B) ¡   (C) ¡   (D)¡   (E)¡   (F)¡  .


4. Open this link and label the digestive system by dragging the labels on the different organs

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5. 

Do this quiz

The Kidneys - Main Excretory Organs

FOCUS QUESTION: What are some of the systems in my body and how do they work?

CONTENT SUMMARY


The excretory system includes the kidney, bladder, skin and lungs. Substances that may be harmful to the body are removed through the excretory system.  
The main excretory organs are the kidneys. they are two in number and are bean-shaped. They produce urine .
The skin is the largest exterior excretory organ. It produces sweat, and regulates body temperature. 
The lungs take carbondioxide from the body.




This video clip will give you more information.

Watch this one is well.

EVALUATION:

Open this link and label the excretory system by dragging the mouse to label the organs.
       Label the diagram correctly.

Answer the questions below.

1.       Circle the odd word in each case.

(a)    Bladder    (b) urethra    (c) heart   (d) kidney    (e) ureter

Write the reason for your selection. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(b)   (i)  Skin   (ii) lungs    (iii) heart   (iv) kidney

Justify your answer.. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  

2.      Explain in simple scientific language what happens in the Excretory System.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

3.   Give the functions of the following organs.

ORGANS                                                  FUNCTIONS

 Kidney

Ureter

Urethra

Bladder

4. Complete this fun quiz.

Landforms ----- Lesson 2

Focus Question: How are mountains important to people’s lives and how do human activities affect mountain environments?

Content  Summary

 The part of the earth which we know a lot about is called the crust 
The earth is made up of about 71% water and 29% land. The percentage water include oceans (which are the largest sheets of water, and surround the continents), seas, rivers, lakes and ponds. The 29% land include continents and landforms.

THE CONTINENTS

These are the largest landmasses of the world.

These are seven in number, namely: 

Asia
Europe
Antarctica
Australia 
Africa
North America
South America





The largest continent is Asia. The smallest of the continent is Australia. This continent is called the Island Continent because it is surrounded by water.

You may watch this  video clip to glean more information about the continents.

Open this link and correctly label the oceans by dragging the mouse over the continents.

WATER BODIES

These include oceans, seas, lake, seas, ponds, etc.. 

The oceans are the largest of the water bodies. these surround the largest landmasses; the continents.

There are five oceans of the world. They are:

Indian Ocean,
Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Southern Ocean

Arctic Ocean

The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean.

You can watch this video clip to glean additional information on water bodies.

View this video clip for additional information .

Open this link below and drag the mouse to label the continents and oceans.

EVALUATION:

1. Follow the given direction and correctly name the oceans.
http://www.softschools.com/social_studies/continents/map.jsp

2. Complete the chart below.

CONTINENTS	MAIN MOUNTAIN RANGE	HIGHEST PEAK	COUNTRY WHERE PEAK IS LOCATED
AFRIA
ANTARCTICA
ASIA
AUSTRALIA
EUROPE
NORTH AMERICA	ROCKY MOUNTAINS	MT. McKINLEY	ALASKA
SOUTH AMERICA

3.  Answer questions of the type listed below.

1.    (a)    The Andes are Fold Mountains in _________________________.

2.     (b)   Mount Everest is to Asia as Mount McKinley is to _____________________.

3.     (c)   Which continent and mountain range are incorrectly matched?

(a)    North America………. Rocky Mountain

(b)   South America ……….Andes

(c)    Asia ……………………….Himalayas

(d)   Europe …………………..Great Dividing Range

WHY ARE HIGHLANDS IMPORTANT TO US IN JAMAICA? 

Mountains are very important to us. They serve many functions. Some of these include:

•  provide habitat for flora (plant species) and fauna (animal species).
• they are sources of water. (The rivers in Jamaica start in the mountains)
• they are watershed areas
• they help to maintain moisture in the air
• they are sources of minerals
• they provide utility poles, and lumber
• these areas are suitable for growing our coffee, cocoa and strawberry which are of great economic value to the Jamaican economy
• in Jamaica, tourists love to hike in the Blue Mountain which is the highest mountain in Jamaica.
• influence rainfall
• act as wind breakers in the event of hurricane

Read the following for additional information.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yuvy4nLtWk4

Uses of mountains.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yuvy4nLtWk4


EVALUATION:


1. Complete the chart below.

IMPORTANCE OF HIGHLANDS

ACTIVITIES	GOODS PRODUCED	SERVICES CARRIED OUT

1.     2.   Which recreational activity would most likely take place in the Blue Mountains?

(a)    Fishing    (b) swimming    (c) Boating    (d) hiking

Justify your answer. _________________________________________________________

2.       3.Why are the Blue Mountains cooler than the Bull Head Mountains?

a.       The Blue Mountains are on the cooler side of the country.

b.      The Blue Mountains receive snow regularly

c.       The Blue Mountains are higher than the Bull Head Mountains

d.      The Bull Head Mountains are higher than the Blue Mountains

3.    4.   Define the term watershed.

______________________________________________________________________________

4.   

5. 5.     Which would NOT be a reason for growing coffee in the Blue Mountain?

¡ Coffee grows best in highland areas

¡The area has lower temperatures

¡The area experiences plenty rainfall and the area is well drained

¡The area has higher temperatures

5.    6.    By what process do trees contribute to the water cycle?

a.       Deforestation   b. photosynthesis   c. transpiration    d. reforestation

6.    7.    David was asked to provide Shawn with information about the benefits of highlands. Which of the following would David not provide to Shawn?

Natural habitats                    ¡

Powers the water cycle         ¡

Promotes tourism                  ¡

Blocks rainfall                       ¡

7.   8.     Which type of rainfall is associated with highlands?

Relief rainfall     (b) Convectional Rainfall     (c) Icy rainfall   (d) Hurricane





HUMAN IMPACT ON HIGHLANDS


Lesson Topic: Mountain environments and human activities


Content Summary


Landforms are natural features of the Earth. There are different formations on the earth which occur naturally. Some areas are high while others are low. These natural features may be seen on a special type of map known as a relief or physical map. How high the land is above the level of the sea determines the type of landform that is present.

Both climate and weather are influenced by hilly or mountainous areas. Trees influence rainfall. Rainfall is one element of weather that is affected by forest areas in Jamaica’s highlands.

Humans utilize the natural resources available to satisfy their basic needs. While satisfying these needs, human may negatively affect the natural environment. Deforestation is one way in which highlands are negatively affected. Farming on slopes can negatively affect the environment. This is so because it loosens the soil along the slopes which makes it easier for the land to become eroded.




As you will remember from past lesson on the economic activities of the mountain, these  include: burning charcoal, cutting of trees for lumber, cultivation and hiking. 
There are many adverse effects of doing some of these activities in spite of the fact that  they bring economic gain. Some of these include:

• landslide
• loss of habitat
• reduction in rainfall

You can watch this video clip to glean more information.

Examine the chart below to see how we can protect our highlands.

HUMAN ACTIVITIES	IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT	HUMAN INTERVENTION
Farming on slopes-crops eg. Bananas, coffee, etc	Landslides/evidence of past landslides	Terracing
Cutting down trees-charcoal burning	Destruction of habitat for animals	Replanting
Settlement/house/shops	Landslides/evidence of past landslides	Retaining wall

EVALUATION

1.     1.   What are forest reserves?

2.    2.    Why are forests reserves important in a country?

3.     3.   Tim is of the opinion that forests are not important to our country. Write a paragraph that you would like to share with him to prove otherwise.
     
      4. Where in Jamaica can some of these watersheds found?

      5. How are watershed areas protected?

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4.